How is mccrafrica research organised?

Our Work Packages

The project will develop a new theoretical framework detailing mechanisms whereby practised multilingualism may be related to differences in the risk of conflict onset and prospects for conflict settlement. The framework will incorporate three dimensions of practised multilingualism: language use (daily speech practices), language ideology (views about language and their perceived status), and language policy (which languages are promoted and where, and how this impacts social interactions). 

The project is organised around three parallel yet interconnected Work Packages (WP, see figure). These will all start in project Year 1 and run simultaneously throughout. The work packages will have a distinct focus, but they are closely integrated, so that the insights in one WP will feed closely into the work of the other WPs. 

Work Package 1 - Multilingualism and the causes of conflict: conceptual innovations, theoretical propositions, and insights from existing data

This work package will focus on measurement of multilingualism and empirical testing of the implications of the theoretical arguments for conflict onset and termination. Regarding the measurement of multilingualism, we will review the literature and employ central concepts like multilingualism, language practices, language use, language density, language ideology, and language policy. Some of these concepts are used casually or informally in news media or government discussions, and they have been the subject of research for decades, but debates continue about connections between these terms. Beyond comparative analysis of definitions, we will consider the best ways to measure or operationalise these concepts – with special attention to concepts like language practices, language policy and language density, as they represent more nuanced aspects of multilingual identities and experiences. This will be essential for the comparative empirical work to be conducted in this work package and the subsequent packages especially WP2. Some of the conceptual building blocks might also need to be adjusted as we conduct our linguistic ethnography in Work Package 2, as we learn more about individuals’ day-to-day experiences with multilingualism.

Work Package 2 - The practice of multilingualism: New qualitative and quantitative information on how speakers might navigate conflict through language use

Work Package 2 involves primary data collection combining qualitative methods from linguistics with original surveys and survey experiments from political science. In this Work Package, we draw on the extensive quantitative work discussed in prior research above, examining the link between language and ethnicity on the one hand, and ethnicity and conflict on the other, as well as the innovations developed in Work Package 1. However, we also take a more nuanced qualitative approach which recognises that speakers are skilled navigators of diverse and rapidly changing linguistic spaces. We seek therefore to examine the connection between multilingual practices and conflict, and the specific causal mechanisms connecting these phenomena.

 

Our goal in Work Package 2 is to comparatively uncover the rich mechanisms through which practices of multilingualism attenuate or worsen conflict. For this purpose, we will focus on five case areas: the DRC, Western Cameroon, Northern Mozambique, Northern Nigeria, and Northern/Western Uganda. These five cases are selected for theoretical and methodological reasons, and focusing on these cases provides particular comparative, causal leverage over understanding the link between multilingualism, conflict, and conflict resolution.

Work Package 3 - Multilingualism and conflict resolution: societal benefits, policy and impact

Work Package 3 will consider policies related to multilingualism, and it will link closely with the work of Work Package 1 and Work Package 2 to determine best practices relating to multilingualism for government, international and regional agencies, and community stakeholders.

 

This Work Package, spearheaded by co-investigators at the ODI Global who will take the lead in ensuring that the research is cognizant to, and informed by, practical challenges, and in generating impact.

 

To produce sustained impact from our later findings we need feedback from end users already in the initial phases of our project.  WP3 will start jointly with WP1 and WP2. At the outset, WP3 will ensure that we engage local, regional, national and international stakeholders from the start, so that their input can be incorporated into from the research design to the dissemination phase. This will be done through a two-part approach, focused on:

  1. Engagement and outreach activities which will enable the research to benefit communities in the focus countries, and
  2. Communicating research findings to key high-level actors involved in political processes – including but not limited to peacebuilding negotiations – in multilingual conflict-affected contexts.

 

The first part of our impact strategy centres on creative, locally driven approaches which will utilise findings on navigating conflict through language use. We will work with local media and civil society organisations in the target countries to develop radio and social media materials, including multilingual interactive broadcasts and/or videos. By working with journalists and media producers in each country we will develop tailored, context-specific materials which will address local political and linguistic divisions. This media impact strategy will be directly informed by the empirical linguistic data collected in WP2 and findings on best practices for taking account of multilingualism in conflict resolution efforts. Local media hosts and producers will have a central role in directing how to best engage audiences, though we anticipate also engaging organisations including BBC Media Action and Internews to promote wider reach. As far as possible, content will be published as online resources to ensure longer-term engagement. We will also launch a dedicated Twitter account to update followers on our progress and disseminate research findings. Updates will be shared in multiple languages and formats, e.g. visualisations, to encourage wider engagement, especially among different language communities in the focus countries. We will monitor impact in terms of reach (e.g., number, diversity of people engaged), as well as whether and how they contributed to changed audience perspectives and journalistic practice.

 

The second element of WP3 will focus on high-level engagement and influencing. To enable uptake of findings on multilingualism and conflict by policy actors, WP3 includes targeted and sustained engagement with public and non-profit policy actors (e.g., regional/sub-regional organisations; international actors including UN agencies and peacebuilding NGOs; state, private and civil society actors at the national and sub-national levels), through a practitioner advisory group that will be engaged at regular intervals throughout the project. We will involve the practitioner advisory group early on, keeping them informed and seeking strategic, targeted insights into how their interests overlap with the research. This approach will enable us to identify and build on points of alignment between the research and policy organisations’ processes and interests. This will form the basis for the development of responsive and targeted guidelines and policy briefs, which will be presented and discussed at remote roundtable events.

 

At the national level, the ODI team will use the findings of WP1 on the political dimensions of multilingualism in each conflict context to inform the content and makeup of in-person/hybrid roundtables, convened at the national and sub-national levels. Roundtables will make use of simultaneous translation, where appropriate, to ensure diversity of participants. Policy engagement will culminate in a final workshop for policymakers, academics, NGOs and others interested in learning how policies regarding multilingualism can reduce the likelihood of conflict and help bring an end to ongoing conflict. We will distribute policy briefs at this workshop, and across organisations active in peacebuilding and peace negotiations across Africa, translated into a range of context-appropriate languages. 

 

Co-investigators at ODI will ensure early engagement with key stakeholders whose views and priorities will be incorporated into WP1 and WP2. ODI researchers will be engaged as part of the research team, contributing to the data collection and analysis to ensure that it extends to policy-relevant insights. WP1 and WP2 researchers will be included in the strategic engagements with policy actors and creative media practitioners, to discuss overlapping interests and ensure the appropriate translation of the research into tailored, non-academic outputs.

 

Overall, through targeted, high-level political engagement and a programme of broader media outreach, WP3 will lead to substantial political, cultural and social impacts both during and following the project.

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Get in touch with the MCCRAfrica team

If you would like to get in touch with the project team, discuss our work, and collaborations, please get in touch with Dr Hannah Gibson h.gibson@essex.ac.uk and Dr Florian G. Kern fkern@essex.ac.uk

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